Mgbe kemistri na-ehulata na ndụ
Polymers biocompostable na-anọchite anya otu n'ime ihe ọhụrụ kachasị mkpa n'ụwa ihe n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Ọ bụghị naanị maka ibelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi: ọ bụ maka ịgbanwe ọdịdị nke anyị ji chepụta ihe. Enwetara ya site na isi mmalite osisi na-agbanwe agbanwe ma hazie ya ka ọ daa ndammana, polymers ndị a na-ebute oge ọhụrụ, ebe sayensị na ọrụ na-ejikọta na ọhụụ mmepụta ọhụrụ - nke maara nke ọma, okirikiri, na dị mkpa.
Kedu ihe bụ polymers bicompostable?
Polymers biocompostable bụ ihe thermoplastic nwere ike imebi kpamkpam n'okpuru ọnọdụ composting ụlọ ọrụ, na-agbanwe ghọọ CO₂, mmiri, nnu ịnweta, na biomass n'ime ụbọchị 90.
A na-ahazi biodegradability ha site na ọkọlọtọ European EN 13432, nke na-ewepụta ụkpụrụ maka ịtụle ihe ga-abụ nke ọma.
Isi njirimara kemịkalụ nke polymers ndị a bụ ọnụnọ nke agbụ nke microorganisms na fungi na-awakpo ngwa ngwa, nke na-akpalite usoro nke hydrolysis na mineralization sochirinụ.
N'ime ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe anyị na-ahụ:
- PLA (polylactic acid): nwetara site gbaa ụka nke akwukwo nri sugars, tumadi ọka starch.
- PBAT (polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate): copolymer biodegradable mepụtara iji kwalite mgbanwe na nhazi nke PLA.
- PCL (polycaprolactone) na TPS (starch thermoplastic): uzo ozo, eji na ngwakọta maka ngwa ngwa.
Usoro mmalite na mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ
Ebe kachasị maka mmepụta nke polymers ndị a bụ ọka starch, ma a na-ejikwa beetroot, sugar cane, poteto na cellulose.
Usoro a na-amalite site na ịgbara sugars dị mfe site na ụdị nje nje (dịka, Lactobacillus), nke na-emepụta lactic acid. A na-emezi nke a polymerized site na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ a na-achịkwa, na-ebute PLA, resin thermoplastic transperent na nke na-agbanwe agbanwe.
PBAT, n'aka nke ọzọ, bụ nsonaazụ nke polycondensation nke terephthalic acid, adipic acid na 1,4-butanediol, nke na-eme ka ọ na-agbanwe na compostable na PLA.
Usoro ahụ dum na-enwe mmetụta dị ala, anaghị agụnye iji mmanụ mmanụ, ma nwee ike mechaa ya na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ebe okpomọkụ, iru mmiri na oxygenation na-eme ka ire ere na-ahapụghị microplastics.
Mmalite na mmepe nke biopolymer
Patent nke mbụ maka ihe eji eme rọba sitere na isi mmalite sitere n'okike malitere n'ọrụ onye France chemist Maurice Lemoigne na 1926, onye kewapụrụ PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) site na nje bacteria ala.
Mana ezigbo ọganihu mmepụta ihe bịara na 90 na Cargill na NatureWorks, bụ ndị mepụtara ma zụọ ahịa PLA n'ọtụtụ buru ibu.
N'ikpeazụ, ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka BASF na Novamont (Ịtaly) meziri mmepụta nke PBAT na ngwakọta na TPS, na-emeghe ụzọ maka ojiji zuru ebe niile na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ọrụ ugbo, na ọrụ nri.
Taa, nyocha na-aga n'ihu maka ngwakọta ọhụrụ, nke na-eguzogide ọgwụ, ihe ndị nwere ike imebi ọbụna n'obere okpomọkụ, yana nkwenye ụlọ, n'ihi ọrụ nke mahadum, mmalite biotech, na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Uru gburugburu ebe obibi na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe
Uru kachasị pụta ìhè bụ ohere nke ịmeghachi ihe ahụ n'ime usoro okike na-ahapụghị mmetọ na-adịgide adịgide.
N'adịghị ka polymer fossil (dị ka PE, PET, na PP), polymers compostable na-emebi ngwa ngwa n'ebughị ụzọ mepụta microplastics ma ọ bụ na-etinye aka na okirikiri nke ndu. Ihe mmepụta ha na-ebelata nke ukwuu n'ụkwụ carbon, na-eji akụrụngwa a na-emegharị ọhụrụ, na ọ dịghị adabere na mmanụ, si otú a na-enyekwa aka na nchekwa ike Europe.
N'okwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ihe ndị a bụ nke a na-ebipụta, na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, dakọtara na ahịrị nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị ugbu a, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe na nri na nri na-abụghị nri na asambodo kwesịrị ekwesị.
Mmetụta na yinye mmepụta
Nkwenye nke ihe compostable na-amanye ụlọ ọrụ ịtụgharị uche n'ọkwa ọ bụla nke usoro a: site na nhazi nkwakọ ngwaahịa na njikwa mkpofu na nkwurịta okwu na ndị ahịa ikpeazụ.
Mana ọ bụkwa injin dị ike nke imepụta ihe ọhụrụ.
Maka ụdịdị, ịnakwere nkwakọ ngwaahịa compostable pụtara ịtụ anya ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, ịwapụta onwe ha n'ahịa, na iwepụta ezigbo aha ọma.
Maka ndị na-ebubata ihe dị ka LPM PACKAGING, nke a pụtara ịnye ihe nwere ụkpụrụ omume yana arụ ọrụ dị elu, nke nwere ike itinye n'enweghị nsogbu n'ime ahịrị akpaghị aka yana izute ụkpụrụ mba ụwa ọhụrụ.
Chaatị atụnyere na-egosi ọdịiche dị na mkpa ike yana mmetụta ihu igwe dị n'etiti PLA (polima compotable) na polyethylene nkịtị. PLA chọrọ obere ume ma na-emepụta obere CO₂ kwa kilogram nke ihe onwunwe.
Ọhụụ anyị: ịgbanwe okwu n'ime nsụhọ
Na nkwakọ ngwaahịa LPM, anyị kwenyere na nkwado abụghị nhọrọ a na-ewu ewu, kama ọ bụ ntinye miri emi, kwa ụbọchị, nke enwere ike ịtụtu ya. Na-arụ ọrụ na biopolymers compostable Ọ pụtara iburu ọrụ maka usoro ọ bụla: site na nhọrọ akụrụngwa ruo na nchọta ngwaahịa, ruo na njedebe nke ndụ ya. Ọ bụ ngosipụta nke nkwụsi ike, ọ bụghị ire ahịa.
Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, anyị anọwo Ndị mmekọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-esi na isi mmalite emeghari. Ọ bụghị naanị ịzụrụ ha: anyị maara ha, anyị na-anwale ha, anyị na-emegharị ha na mkpa nke onye ahịa ọ bụla. N'ihi na ọ bụla adigide ngwaahịa na-adịghị mụrụ site ohere, ma site kpọmkwem Nchikota nka nka, mmata gburugburu ebe obibi na ọhụụ ulo oru.
Anyị na-enye compostable ngwọta na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, Ezubere iji guzogide, chebe, na nkwurịta okwu. Site na ihe nkiri nri nri na akpa mmepụta ihe, ihe anyị na-enye ihe ngwọta bara uru maka ngwa ọ bụla, na-agbaso ụkpụrụ na njikere maka ọdịnihu.
Anyị kwenyesiri ike na àgwà gburugburu ebe obibi bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke àgwà ngwaahịa. Nke a bụ ya mere anyị ji akwado ndị ahịa anyị n'ime nhọrọ ziri ezi banyere akụrụngwa akụrụngwa, na-enye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ, nkwado nchịkwa, na nnweta ozugbo. Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe anyị nwere ihe karịrị naanị akụrụngwa: ọ nwekwara ntụkwasị obi, nka na ọhụụ.
Ịhọrọ ngwugwu LPM pụtara ịhọrọ onye mmekọ na-enweghị afọ ojuju naanị "ime ihe nke ọma," mana chọrọ "ime ihe ziri ezi." Maka ụwa, maka ụlọ ọrụ, maka ndị mmadụ.
