Ịghọta Mgbanwe: Iwu, Data, na Amamihe Ụlọ Ọrụ
2025 na-ejide ụlọ ọrụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa ruo enyo siri ike. N'otu aka ahụ, usoro iwu iwu European ọhụrụ - na nke PPWR (Nchịkọta nkwakọ ngwaahịa na nkwakọ ngwaahịa mkpofu) na-ekpebi usoro oge, ebumnobi na mmachi imewe; N'aka nke ọzọ, ezigbo usoro nke ụdọ ọkọnọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, ike dị oke ọnụ, ọchịchọ ekewasị, na nchịkọta dị elu na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. N'etiti ndị mmadụ bụ: ụmụ amaala na ndị ọkachamara na-achọ azịza ziri ezi, ọ bụghị nkwupụta aghụghọ. Ọ bụ n'ime oghere a ka LPM PACKAGING na-ahọrọ ịrụ ọrụ: na usoro a na-ahụ anya, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na nke doro anya, nke nwere ike ịtụgharị ụkpụrụ na ịtụgharị ha ka ọ bụrụ usoro, ngwaahịa na nkwalite.
Arụmụka ahụ abụghị naanị teknụzụ. Ọ bụ omenala. Enwere ike ịhụ ya na mkparịta ụka ndị na-emegharị ụtọ asụsụ nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa: site na tebụl gburugburu na PPWR na nkuzi mụtara (Akụkụ gburugburu K 2025, PPWR – Ọnọdụ dị ugbu a na nkuzi amụtara, vidiyo: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=H9Y_PTy5pvQ&feature=youtu.be) na ntuziaka maka usoro ọkọnọ okomoko nkwakọ nke Italian Packaging Institute gosipụtara, ebe aesthetics na-ezute ibu ọrụ nhazi (https://www.plastix.it/packaging-di-lusso-linee-guida-per-la-sostenibilita-dallistituto-italiano-imballaggio/). N'otu aka ahụ, European Bioplastics na-adọrọ uche gaa n'ụdị "dị mma" dabara maka compostability dị ka nka. 9 PPWR: nkwakọ ngwaahịa emetọọ nri, capsules kọfị, akara na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri, ihe nkiri na obere ụdị condiments - akụkụ ebe ịmegharị igwe anaghị enwekarị akụ na ụba yana ụzọ organic, ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya nke ọma, na-eweghachi nri n'ime ala ma belata ihe ọkụkụ (https://www.european-bioplastics.org/article-9-ppwr-why-certain-packaging-formats-should-be-compostable-2/).
Usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ na-agbakwụnye mgbagwoju anya. Na United Kingdom, Germany, na mba ndị ọzọ dị na Europe, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ bụ isi na-eche nsogbu nhazi ihu: ụgwọ ike na ọnụahịa carbon na-emebi asọmpi na itinye ego, dị ka onye guzobere Ineos katọrọ, na-ehota data. Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba Oxford na shrinking ikike na mechiri emechi osisi. Mmetụta ya bụ transversal: kemịkalụ ndị na-adịchaghị ala pụtara nrụgide dị ukwuu na ụgwọ, akụrụngwa, na oge mgbanwe maka ihe ndị dị elu, gụnyere biopolymers. Ọ bụrụ na amụma ụlọ ọrụ anaghị ahazi ike, carbon, na iwu azụmaahịa, ihe egwu dị na ya bụ Europe nke na-adaberewanye na ndị na-abụghị EU, ọbụlagodi na ọ na-achọ oke okirikiri na traceability ka ukwuu.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ala ala, omume dị mkpa. Akụkọ na-adịbeghị anya Agbaji na plastic Nyocha nke ụlọ ahịa na-egosi na nnukwu azụmaahịa na-ere ahịa, n'agbanyeghị ikike ịzụrụ ihe na mmetụta ya, na-emekarị "nke kachasị nta": ngalaba ole na ole, obere nkwalite nke imegharị ihe, na omume ndị a chọrọ n'ụzọ bụ isi n'usoro iwu chọrọ. Ebe iwu kwuru, nsonaazụ na-abịa: na mba ndị nwere nkwụnye ego nchekwa (DRS/SDC) Na-arụsi ọrụ ike, ọnụ ọgụgụ nkwụsị nke arịa ihe ọṅụṅụ karịrị 90% na mkpofu mmiri. N'Itali, ebumnobi ntuziaka a bụ Kwadoro maka karama PET (nchịkọta 77% site na 2025) pụtara na-agaghị erute; nkezi ọdịnaya nke rPET na-agbasi mbọ ike itolite na mgbada igwe ka bụ ụzọ kachasị mkpa, na-enwe oke mmetụta na mbelata PET na-amaghị nwoke. Na-enweghị DRS dị irè yana ohere ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ebute karama na karama, ezi okirikiri na-apụ apụ, ebe ibu nke imegharị ihe na-abawanye. Ụtụ plastik akwụ ụgwọ na EU.
Mgbe ahụ, a na-enwekarị isi ihe a na-eledaghị anya: ihe organic. ọ Consortium Italian Composters (CIC) Ọ na-arụtụ aka na, ebe nchịkọta mkpofu dị iche iche na-abawanye, ogo nke ihe mkpofu organic na-ebelata. Nke a bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya nke na-atụ oke oke mgbe PPWR na Nkeji edemede 9 na-akwali ụfọdụ na-aga n'ihu. mmepụta compostabilityỌ bụrụ na emetọọ ihe mkpofu organic, ọbụna ihe mkpofu compostable na-akawanye njọ. Nke a bụ ihe mere ha ji dị mkpa. agụmakwụkwọ, njikwa na ụkpụrụ; na anyị chọrọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa emebere ka oge ngwụcha nke ndụ wee dị mfe, nghọta, yana dabara na akụrụngwa ụwa n'ezie.
N'ihu nke nchekwa nke ojiji, A na-ahazi ụdọ ọkọnọ ihe oriri nke ọma: Reg. (EC) 1935/2004 (MOCA), Reg. (EC) 2023/2006 na GMP na Reg. (EU) 10/2011 maka ihe plastik na-akọwapụta ndepụta dị mma, ule mbata na ihe ndị a kapịrị ọnụ maka bioplastics (EUBP akwụkwọ akụkọ: https://docs.european-bioplastics.org/publications/pp/2025/EUBP_PP_Safety_of_Bioplastics_as_FCM.pdf). Nke a bụ ebe ọdịiche dị n'etiti "nzọrọ" na "nrube isi" na-apụta ìhè: na-enweghị akwụkwọ, nnwale na traceability, ihe ọhụrụ agaghị eme ya na ụgbọ ịzụ ahịa.
N'ikpeazụ, kwadoroNnyocha EEB/BEUC na-egosi na ngwaahịa na ecolabel ha nwere ike ọbụna dị ọnụ ala karịa na nkezi, ma na-anọgide na-ezighị ezi na nnweta; yana ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ngwaahịa na-egosipụta "mkpesa akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ" - ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-eduhie dịka Commission siri kwuo - ntuziaka. Na-ekwu Green Ọ bụghị nkọwa nke ọchịchị, kama ọ bụ ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ahịa na-enweghị atụ (https://eeb.org/library/searching-for-ecolabels-a-mystery-shopping-exercise-in-supermarkets-across-europe/ • https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/circular-economy/green-claims_en).
N'ime ọnọdụ a, ngwugwu LPM na-eweta echiche dị mfe: nkwado bụ usoroAnyị na-emepụta, anyị tụọ, anyị na-emeziwanye. Anyị na-akọwa oke, anyị anaghị ekwe nkwa anwansi. Ma anyị na-ewulite, yana ndị ahịa na ndị mmekọ, usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke nhọrọ kwa ụbọchị nke na-ebelata akara ukwu anyị ma na-abawanye arụmọrụ. Ọ bụ naanị ụzọ dị mkpa isi gbanwee okwu ka ọ bụrụ uru, n'emebighị akọnuche anyị.
1) PPWR: site ọkọlọtọ ruo arụmọrụ (na ihe anyị mụtara)
Il PPWR Ọ bụ mmezigharị sistemu: ọ na-amanye mgbochi, ijigharị na ebumnuche imegharị ihe, na-akwalite imewe maka imegharị ihe, na-ewebata ihe ndị achọrọ maka imegharị ihe. mmepụta compostability n'ụdị a kapịrị ọnụ (art. 9) na oku maka akara aha doro anya. "Ihe mmụta ndị a mụtara" abụghị nke nkịtị: n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ha na-asụgharị n'ime nhazigharị nke ọtụtụ ihe owuwu, nyocha LCA emelitere, atụmatụ ntinye ego na nhazigharị na ahịrị composting, na karịa ihe niile. ngalaba imewe ya na ndị na-ahụ maka mkpofu n'okpuru mmiri.
Iji ghọta ka ụdọ ọkọnọ na-emeziwanye PPWR, ọ bara uru ige ntị ọzọ na ntụnyere nke Okpokoro okirikiri K 2025 (PPWR – Ọnọdụ dị ugbu a na nkuzi amụtara): https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=H9Y_PTy5pvQ&feature=youtu.beIsi okwu na-abịa bụ agbanwe agbanwe: n'etiti ihe iwu chọrọ na ihe akụrụngwa nwere ike ime taa; n'etiti akara na ndenye ego; n'etiti n'aha ebe na ezi akara aka. Ọ bụ otu ihe ahụ na nke Ntuziaka maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa okomoko nke ụlọ ọrụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa Italiantali chepụtara, nke ewepụtara na LUXEPACK 2025 (https://www.plastix.it/packaging-di-lusso-linee-guida-per-la-sostenibilita-dallistituto-italiano-imballaggio/): aesthetics ee, mana etinyere ya na traceability, ihe dakọtara na ozi ojiji enwere ike ịghọta.
2) Nkeji edemede 9: mgbe compostability bụ ụzọ ziri ezi
dị ka European Bioplastics, Nkeji edemede 9 nke PPWR na-egbochi eziokwu na-arụ ọrụ: enwere usoro nke imegharị igwe na-adị mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ enweghị akụ na ụba. Ka anyị chee echiche akara na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri, tii na kọfị akpa, capsules compotable nke na-ebutekwa kọfị kọfị n'ime sekit organic; ihe nkiri e achịcha wrappers; trays akwụkwọ/plastic ruru unyi; obere condiments na-enye otu ihe; akpa ọkụ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka liners maka ihe mkpofu organic. Ọ bụrụ na ndị a eruba, ugbu a nsogbu, na-aghọ compostable na enyere ya nke ọma N'ime ihe mkpofu organic, a na-emechi okirikiri: nri ndị dị na ala, ihe ọkụkụ dị ala, obere mmetọ nke mmegharịgharị ihe. Ọnọdụ teknụzụ dị ebe a:
https://www.european-bioplastics.org/article-9-ppwr-why-certain-packaging-formats-should-be-compostable-2/
Otú ọ dị, ụlọ ahụ bụ ígwè: àgwà nke ndị ọrụ. ọ CIC Cheta na ọnụọgụ na-abawanye, mana mma na-ebelata. Nke a mere LPM PACKAGING ji ekwusi ike na doro anya ntuziaka maka ojiji na labelụ ahụ, ọkpụrụkpụ agụpụtara, ịgbado ọkụ nwere ọgụgụ isi na mgbawa na ule biodegradation dị ka UNI 13432Enweghị akụrụngwa dị ọcha, nkwa okirikiri nke compotables na-ekpochapụ.
3) Oké osimiri dị ọcha, obodo ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe: nkuzi nke usoro okirikiri
Oké osimiri bụ ihe na-eme ngwa ngwa nke eziokwu: ọ na-ekpughe ihe ga-esi na njehie pụta. Na webinar ISWA (October 21, 14:00–15:45 ehihie) a raara nye ihe omume ahụ Oke osimiri dị ọcha site na obodo dị ọcha (CLOCC), ikpe sitere na India na Indonesia na-akọwa otú okirikiri usoro nlekọta mkpofu belata ọnwụ nke ihe, nakwa ekele na organic management na isi iyi na atụmatụ nchịkọta na nsochi mpaghara. Ndebanye aha na nkọwa:
https://www.iswa.org/event/webinar-preventing-marine-plastic-pollution-through-circular-waste-management-systems-lessons-from-the-clean-oceans-through-clean-communities-programme-clocc-2019-to-2025/
Omume dị mfe: ha na-eje ozi akụrụngwa, mana ọzọkwa design nke ahụ na-eme ka ha dị irè. Mepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa kwere nghọta maka ụmụ amaala, yana ebe pụrụ iche (imegharị ihe, compost), nke ahụ bụ ọkara ọrụ. Ọkara nke ọzọ bụ ọchịchị: ogologo ọrụ atụmatụ (EPR), nkwụnye ego, na metrik nke na-akwụghachi ụgwọ mbelata nke ntapu gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ bụghị naanị mpịakọta a na-agwọ.
4) Mepụta iji kpebie: Ntụle okirikiri na UNI/TS 11820
Enweghị usoro, okirikiri bụ okwu. Webinar "Nyocha okirikiri na UNI/TS 11820” (October 23, 11:00 ụtụtụ) na-atụ aro usoro maka tụọ okirikiri nke ụlọ ọrụ dịka ụkpụrụ mba ụwa na ụkpụrụ teknụzụ mba siri dị:
https://contents.circularity.com/circularity-assessment-2025-uni
Maka nkwakọ LPM nke a pụtara dashboards arụ ọrụ: esịtidem mkpofu mgbake egosi, ike na-emepụta site photovoltaic, na-abata na-abụghị conformity udu, n'ibu arụmọrụ vs. ọkpụrụkpụ Mbelata, ebipụta mkpụrụ vs. Mbelata inks na ihe mgbaze. Usoro ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị iche: ọ na-agbanwe ihe ọhụrụ n'ime na-emeghachi omume.
5) Nrụgide elu: kemịkalụ Europe n'etiti ọnụ ahịa na itinye ego
Oku nke Ineos (ọmụmụ Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba Oxford) bụ oku ịkpọte: ya na gas na-efu ọtụtụ US, ọnụahịa carbon na tarifụ asymmetric, Europe nwere ike ịla n'iyi ike kemịkalụ Dị oke egwu. Obere mgbawa pụtara nsogbu na polymers, ihe mgbakwunye na etiti; ya mere na ụgwọ nke emechara ngwaahịa, gụnyere bioplasticsEnweghị ụzọ mkpirisi ebe a: ọ dị mkpa iwu ulo oru nke na-anọgide na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi e mmepụta asọmpiỌ bụ nguzozi siri ike, mana ọ dị mkpa.
6) Azụmahịa azụmaahịa buru ibu nwere ike ime ọtụtụ (ma na-eme obere ihe): ihe BFFP kwuru
Akụkọ ahụ BFFP na nnukwu ụlọ ahịa foto enwere ike emebeghị ya: akụkụ ole na ole nke rụrụ arụ, ole na ole ngwọta nke iwerekwa, ogbenye mwepụ nke akpa ọkụ na ngalaba mkpụrụ osisi na akwukwo nri. N'ebe iwu chọrọ, nnukwu ahịa azụmaahịa na-eme ihe; Ebe ọ na-adịghị, inertia na-emeri. Nkwubi okwu doro anya: anyị chọrọ iwu doro anya e mkpali maka ụdị "mejupụta & megharịa" na maka DRS dị irè. Na mba Europe iri na asaa nwere DRS, ọnụego nnakọta gafere 90%. Enweghị DRS, Italy na-adọga: SUPD na-akpọ maka ndị 77% nke PET interception site na 2025, mana atụmatụ na-egosi a 68%; ọdịnaya rPET ọkara foduru ≈15,8%, dị anya site na 25% a tụrụ anya ya. Site na DRS na "nnweta ụzọ" na ihe anakọtara, anyị na-abata ngwa ngwa 70% rPET na karama. Ọ bụ lever ihe onwunwe, ọ bụghị semantik.
7) Ihe nchekwa chọrọ: mgbe ihe ọhụrụ bụ n'ezie "ọkwa nri"
Na kọntaktị nri, iwu dị mfe: nchekwa mbụ, mgbe ahụ na-ekwu. Usoro nke Europe jikọtara Reg. (EC) 1935/2004 (MOCHA), Reg. (EC) 2023/2006 (GMP) na Reg. (EU) 10/2011 (plastik) nwere ndepụta dị mma na oke mbugharị. Akwụkwọ ọnọdụ EUBP on bioplastics na-akwadokwa njikwa multilayer, ule na nnabata:
https://docs.european-bioplastics.org/publications/pp/2025/EUBP_PP_Safety_of_Bioplastics_as_FCM.pdf
Maka ngwugwu LPM, ọ pụtara dossier teknụzụ zuru oke, nyocha nke oge na ogbe traceabilityN'ihi na ntụkwasị obi na-abịa site na akwụkwọ, ọ bụghị slogans.
8) Nkwupụta Green, Ecolabel na ntụkwasị obi ndị ahịa
Nnyocha ahụ EEB/BEUC na-egosipụta ọdịiche pụtara ìhè naaccessibility nke ngwaahịa na ecolabel (ruo 9-27% dị ọnụ ala na nkezi), mana ike dị iche iche maka nnweta. na Ntuziaka ebubo Green chọrọ azuokokoosisi na-acha ọcha na opacity, na-ebunye ndenye ego na nkwukọrịta ahaziri ahazi (akụkọ: https://eeb.org/library/searching-for-ecolabels-a-mystery-shopping-exercise-in-supermarkets-across-europe/ • Usoro CE: https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/circular-economy/green-claims_en). Maka ụdọ ọkọnọ, ọ bụ òkù kwuo nke ọma: nkwupụta nwere ike ịnwapụta, akara ngosi, koodu QR nwere teknuzu data mpempe akwụkwọ na njedebe nke ndụ.
9) Organic, compost na obodo: Obodo Carbon Farming Manifesto
Il CIC na-ewepụta Manifesto nkeUgbo Carbon Obodo na ihe onyinye"Ala na-eme nri sitere na obodo anyị": àgwà nke ndị ọrụ, bio-n'efu Nhazi nke ọma, compost dị mma bụ ọkpụkpụ azụ nke obodo ndị ọzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe. Nkọwa:
https://www.fondazionesvilupposostenibile.org/il-cic-presenta-i-nuovi-dati-sulla-filiera-del-biowaste-e-lancia-il-manifesto-dellurban-carbon-farming/
Maka nkwakọ LPM nke a tụgharịrị n'ime imebe maka nbibi ziri ezi: nkwakọ nke na-ahapụ enweghị obi abụọ na nwa amaala na nke, na osisi, ha na-etisa na biodegrade dị ka iwu si dị, na-enweghị mmetọ.
10) Ọnọdụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa LPM: usoro, usoro, mmekorita
Package LPM na-arụ ọrụ n'ahịrị arụ ọrụ atọ:
- Ịrụ ọrụ imeweIhe agbakwunyere (EN 13432 comppostable na megharịa), ọkpụrụkpụ kachasị mma, ịgbado ọkụ dị elu, na-ebi akwụkwọ ruo Agba 12 nlebara anya na inks na oriri.
- Usoro ihe atụ: mgbake mkpofu in-line, ike fotovoltaic, amụma amụma, arụmọrụ na àgwà KPIs, akuko maka ndị ahịa na ndị nyocha.
- Agụmakwụkwọ na ọchịchị: akara doro anya, nkwado ndị ahịa na oke oke nke mkpofu, nkwado maka DRS akụrụngwa na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nke dị mma.
Ọ bụ nkwa dị mfe: okwu ole na ole, karịa usoroNke a bụ otú mgbanwe na-aghọ ndụ kwa ụbọchị.
